Sodium Hydroxide Granules Caustic Soodhaha Luul
Sodium hydroxide, oo caadi ahaan loo yaqaan soodhaha caustic waxaana loo yaqaan "Brother's" Hong Kong sababtoo ah naaneystahan.Waa iskudhis aan organic ahayn iyo kiristaalo cad oo heerkul caadi ah leh, oo leh daxaluq xooggan.Waa alkali aad caadi u ah, waxayna leedahay joogitaanka warshadaha kiimikada, biraha, samaynta waraaqaha, batroolka, dunta, cuntada, xitaa warshadaha qurxinta iyo kareemka.
Sodium hydroxide aad bay ugu milmi kartaa biyaha waxayna sii deysaa kulayl badan iyadoo ay jiraan biyo iyo uumi.Marka hawada la soo bandhigo, sodium hydroxide waxay nuugi doontaa qoyaanka hawada, waxayna si tartiib tartiib ah u milmi doontaa marka dusha sare qoyan yahay, tani waa waxa aan inta badan u yeerno "deliquescence" Dhanka kale, waxay ka falcelin doontaa carbon dioxide ee hawada oo sii xumaanaysa. .Sidaa darteed, taxadar gaar ah waa in lagu sameeyaa kaydinta iyo baakadaha sodium hydroxide.Marka lagu daro sifooyinka lagu milmo biyaha, sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxay ku milmi kartaa ethanol, glycerol, laakiin maaha ether, acetone, iyo dareeraha ammonia.Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in la ogaadaa in xalka aqueous sodium hydroxide uu si xoog leh alkaline, astringent iyo dufan leh, oo uu leeyahay wasakh xoog leh.
Sodium hydroxide-ka lagu iibiyo suuqa waxa loo qaybin karaa soodhaha caustic soodhaha ee saafiga ah iyo dareeraha dareeraha ah ee saafiga ah.Waxaa ka mid ah, soodhaha caustic ee adag ee saafiga ah waa caddaan, oo ah qaabka block, xaashida, ul iyo qayb, iyo jajab;Soodhaha dareeraha ah ee saafiga ah waa dareere aan midab lahayn oo hufan.
Laga soo bilaabo dabeecadda sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide waxay saameyn xun ku leedahay fiilooyinka, maqaarka, muraayadaha, dhoobada, iwm;Dhexdhexaad ka dhig asiidh si aad u sameysid milix iyo biyo;Ku fal celi biraha aluminium iyo zinc, boron aan bir ahayn iyo silikoon si aad u sii deyso hydrogen;Dareen-celinta kala-baxa ee koloriin, bromine, iodine iyo halogens kale;Waxay soo dedejin kartaa ions biraha ka soo baxa aqueous galay hydroxide;Waxay ka dhigi kartaa saliidda saponify oo waxay soo saartaa cusbada sodium ee u dhiganta iyo khamriga ee acid organic, taas oo sidoo kale ah mabda'a ka saarista wasakhda saliidda ee dharka.Waxaa la arki karaa in sodium hydroxide si weyn loo isticmaalo.Qaybta isticmaala sodium hydroxide inteeda badan waa soo saarista kiimikooyinka, oo ay ku xigto samaynta waraaqaha, dhalada aluminium, dhalada tungsten, rayon, rayn iyo samaynta saabuunta.Intaa waxaa dheer, soo saarista dheeha, balaastikada, daawooyinka iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha organic, dib u soo kabashada caag duug ah, electrolysis ee birta sodium iyo biyaha, iyo soo saarista cusbada aan organic, soo saarista borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, iwm. , sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay isticmaalka xaddi badan oo soodhaha caustic ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, sodium hydroxide waa mid ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka ah ee soo saarista polycarbonate, polymer super absorbent, zeolite, epoxy resin, phosphate sodium, sodium sulfite iyo qadar badan oo cusbo sodium ah.Dulmarka sodium hydroxide, waxaan ku soo sheegnay in sodium hydroxide si weyn loogu isticmaalo warshadaha kiimikada, biraha, samaynta waraaqaha, batroolka, dunta, cuntada iyo xitaa kareemka la isku qurxiyo.
Hadda, waxaan soo bandhigi doonaa codsiga sodium hydroxide ee dhinacyo kala duwan si faahfaahsan.
Sida walxo cayriin ah oo alkaline ah oo xooggan, sodium hydroxide waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, iwm., ama loo isticmaalo warshadaha kiimikada aan organic iyo warshadaha kiimikada organic.
1)Warshadaha kiimikada ee aan organic
① Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro cusbada sodium ee kala duwan iyo hydroxides biraha culus.
② Waxaa loo isticmaalaa dheecaanka alkaline ee macdanta.
③ Hagaajin qiimaha pH ee xalalka falcelinta ee kala duwan.
2)Warshadaha kiimikada dabiiciga ah:
① Sodium hydroxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa falcelinta saponification si loo soo saaro dhexdhexaadiyaha anionic nucleophilic.
② Dehalogenation ee xeryahooda halogenated.
③ Iskudhisyada Hydroxyl waxaa soo saara alkali dhalaalidda.
④ alkali bilaashka ah waxaa laga soo saaraa milixda alkali ee organic.
⑤ Waxaa loo istcimaalaa kicinta alkaline ee falcelin kiimikaad badan oo dabiici ah.
Saliida saponified Sodium hydroxide waxa loo isticmaali karaa samaynta saabuun oo lagaga falceliyo alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid si loo soo saaro qaybta firfircoon ee saabuunta.Intaa waxaa dheer, sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro sodium phosphate oo ah qayb ka mid ah saabuunta.
1)Saabuun:
Soo saarista saabuuntu waa isticmaalka ugu da'da weyn uguna ballaadhan ee soodhaha caustic.
Sodium hydroxide ayaa loo isticmaalay isticmaalka dhaqameed ee maalinlaha ah.Ilaa maanta, baahida loo qabo soodhaha caustic ee saabuunta, saabuunta iyo noocyada kale ee alaabta wax lagu dhaqo ayaa weli ah qiyaastii 15% soodhaha caustic.
Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee dufanka iyo saliidda khudradda waa triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Isla'egta hydrolysis alkali waa:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (dufan)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONa) (soodiyam dufan badan)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)
Dareen-celintani waa mabda'a soo saarista saabuunta, sidaas darteed waxaa loogu magac daray falcelinta saponification.
Dabcan, saldhigga R ee habkani wuu ka duwanaan karaa, laakiin R-COONA la soo saaray waxaa loo isticmaali karaa saabuun ahaan.
R guud - waa:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH waa oleic acid.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH waa palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH waa stearic acid.
2)saabuunta:
Sodium hydroxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro saabuunta kala duwan, iyo xitaa maanta budada dhaqidda (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate iyo qaybaha kale) ayaa sidoo kale laga soo saaray xaddi badan oo soodhaha caustic, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu baabi'iyo qiiqa xad-dhaaf ah sulfuric acid ka dib falcelinta sulfonation.
1) Warshadaha dharka inta badan waxay isticmaalaan xalinta sodium hydroxide si ay u soo saaraan fiber viscose.Fiilooyinka macmalka ah, sida rayn, rayn, iyo rayn, inta badan waa fiilooyinka viscose, kuwaas oo ka samaysan cellulose, sodium hydroxide, iyo carbon disulfide (CS2) sida alaabta ceeriin galay xal viscose, ka dibna miiqayaa oo isku urursan.
2) Sodium hydroxide waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa daawaynta faybarka iyo rinjiyaynta, iyo ka-mercerize fiber suufka.Ka dib marka dharka suufka ah lagu daaweeyo dareeraha soodhaha, shayga, dufanka, istaarijka iyo walxaha kale ee ku daboolan dharka suufka ayaa laga saari karaa, midabka mercerizing ee dharka ayaa la kordhin karaa si rinjiyeynta mid ka sii badan.
1) Isticmaal sodium hydroxide si aad u farsamayso bauxite si aad u soo saarto aluminium saafi ah;
2) U isticmaal sodium hydroxide si aad uga soo saarto tungstate sida alaabta ceeriin ee tungsten ka dhalaalinta wolframite;
3) Sodium hydroxide waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro zinc alloy iyo zinc ingot;
4) Ka dib marka lagu dhaqo aashitada sulfuric, batroolka ayaa wali ku jira walxo acidic ah.Waa in lagu dhaqaa xal sodium hydroxide ka dibna lagu dhaqo biyo si loo helo alaab la safeeyey.
Daawo
Sodium hydroxide waxa loo isticmaali karaa jeermis-dile ahaan.U diyaari 1% ama 2% xalinta biyaha soodhaha, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo jeermi-dileyaasha warshadaha cuntada, iyo sidoo kale jeermi kara qalabka, mishiinada, iyo aqoon-isweydaarsiyada ay wasakhaysan tahay wasakh saliid ama sonkor badan.
Warqad samaynta
Sodium hydroxide ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara warshadaha waraaqaha.Sababtoo ah dabeecadeeda alkaliinka ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka karkarinta iyo warqadda bleaching.
Alaabta ceeriin ee warqad-samaynta waa geedo alwaax ama caws, kuwaas oo aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya cellulose, laakiin sidoo kale xaddi badan oo aan cellulose ah (lignin, xanjo, iwm.).Ku darista xalalka sodium hydroxide ee milan waxay kala diri kartaa oo kala saari kartaa qaybaha aan cellulose ahayn, sidaas darteed samaynta saxarka leh cellulose oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan.
Habaynta cuntada, sodium hydroxide waxa loo isticmaali karaa sidii dhexdhexaadiye aashito ah, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu diiriyo liinta miraha.Xalka sodium hydroxide ee loo isticmaalo diirinta ayaa ku kala duwan noocyada kala duwan ee miraha.Tusaale ahaan, 0.8% xal sodium hydroxide ayaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista liinta qasacadaysan oo leh sharoobada sonkorta de-dahaarka buuxa;Tusaale ahaan, xalka sodium hydroxide oo leh fiirsashada 13% ~ 16% ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro fersken biyaha sonkorta.
Heerarka Badbaadada Cunnada Qaranka ee Shiinaha ee Isticmaalka Waxyaalaha Cunnada lagu daro (GB2760-2014) ayaa qeexaysa in sodium hydroxide loo isticmaali karo gargaar warshadeed ee warshadaha cuntada, hadhaagana ma xaddidna.
Sodium hydroxide waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha.Dhirta lagu daweeyo bulaacada, sodium hydroxide waxay yarayn kartaa adkaanta biyaha iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta dhexdhexaadinta.Dhinaca warshadaha, waa dib-u-soo-nooleynta dib-u-soo-nooleynta is-beddelka ion-ka.Sodium hydroxide waxay leedahay alkalinity xooggan iyo milmayn sare oo biyaha ah.Sababtoo ah sodium hydroxide waxay leedahay milmayn sare oo biyaha ah, way fududahay in la cabbiro qiyaasta waxaana loo isticmaali karaa meelo kala duwan oo biyaha lagu daweeyo.
Isticmaalka sodium hydroxide ee daaweynta biyaha waxaa ka mid ah qodobada soo socda:
1) In meesha laga saaro adkaanta biyaha;
2) Hagaajin qiimaha pH ee biyaha;
3) Dhexdhexaadinta biyaha wasakhda ah;
4) Ka tirtir biraha culus ee biyaha ku jira roobab;
5) Dib-u-soo-nooleynta xabagta sarrifka ion.
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Kaydinta:Ku kaydi sodium hydroxide weel aan biyuhu lahayn, dhig meel nadiif ah oo qabow, oo ka sooc goobta shaqada iyo waxyaabaha la diiday.Meesha wax lagu kaydiyo waa inay lahaataa qalab hawo kala duwan.Baakadeynta, rarista iyo soo dejinta faleebo adag iyo soodhaha caustic soodhaha ah waa in si taxadar leh loo maareeyaa si looga hortago in xirmada ay waxyeelo u geysato jirka bini'aadamka.
Baakad:Soodhaha soodhada adag ee warshadaha waa in lagu xidhaa durbaanka birta ama weelasha kale ee xidhan ee dhumucdiisuna tahay 0 Ka sarraysa 5mm, iska caabinta cadaadiska ee ka sarreeya 0.5Pa, daboolka foosto waa in si adag loo xidhaa, miisaanka saafiga ah ee foosto kasta waa 200kg, iyo alkali alkali waa 25kg.Xirmada waa in si cad loogu calaamadiyaa "walxaha qudhun".Marka soodhaha dareeraha ah ee la cuni karo lagu qaado baabuurka taangiga ama haanta kaydinta, waa in la nadiifiyaa ka dib marka la isticmaalo laba jeer.
Isticmaal:Sodium hydroxide si weyn ayaa loo isticmaalaa.Waxa intaa dheer in loo isticmaalo sida reagent ee tijaabooyinka kiimikaad, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sida qallajiye alkaline ah sababtoo ah nuugista biyaha xooggan.Sodium hydroxide ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhaqaalaha qaranka, qaybo badan oo warshaduhuna way u baahan yihiin.Qaybta isticmaala sodium hydroxide inteeda badan waa soo saarista kiimikooyinka, oo ay ku xigto samaynta waraaqaha, dhalada aluminium, dhalada tungsten, rayon, rayn iyo samaynta saabuunta.Intaa waxaa dheer, soo saarista dheeha, balaastikada, daawooyinka iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha organic, dib u soo kabashada caag duug ah, electrolysis ee birta sodium iyo biyaha, iyo soo saarista cusbada aan organic, soo saarista borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, iwm. , sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay isticmaalka xaddi badan oo soodhaha caustic ah.
Hordhac:
Sodium hydroxide-ka anhydrous saafiga ah waa crystalline adag oo translucent cad.Sodium hydroxide waa mid aad ugu milmay biyaha, iyo milmahoodu waxay kordhiyaan kororka heerkulka.Marka la kala diro, waxay sii deyn kartaa kulayl badan.Marka la joogo 288K, fiirsashada xalka buuxa waxay gaari kartaa 26.4 mol/L (1: 1).Xalka aqueous wuxuu leeyahay dhadhan astringent iyo dareen dufan.Xalku waa alkaline xooggan wuxuuna leeyahay dhammaan sifooyinka guud ee alkali.Waxaa jira laba nooc oo soodhaha ah oo lagu iibiyo suuqa: Soodhaha caustic adag waa caddaan, waana qaab block, go', ul iyo granule, waana jajaban yahay;Soodhaha dareeraha ah ee saafiga ah waa dareere aan midab lahayn oo hufan.Sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxay ku milmi kartaa ethanol iyo glycerol;Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid aan lagu milmi karin ether, acetone iyo ammonia dareeraha ah.
Muuqashada:crystalline translucent cad adag
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